Beyond its use in a clinical environment, photoplethysmogram (PPG) is increasingly used for
measuring the physiological state of an individual in daily life. This review aims to examine …

Brain–computer interfaces (BCIs) development is closely related to physics. In this paper, we
review the physical principles of BCIs, and underlying novel approaches for registration …

This report is the second part of a comprehensive two-part series aimed at reviewing an
extensive and diverse toolkit of novel methods to explore brain health and function. While …

Significance: Beer–Lambert law (BLL) is a widely used tool for contact and remote
determination of absorber concentration in various media, including living tissues. Originally …

In this paper, a hybrid electroencephalography–functional near-infrared spectroscopy (EEG–
fNIRS) scheme to decode eight active brain commands from the frontal brain region for brain …

We use functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to discriminate the alert and drowsy
states for a passive brain-computer interface (BCI). The passive brain signals for the drowsy …

In this paper, a deep-learning-based driver-drowsiness detection for brain-computer
interface (BCI) using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is investigated. The …

Diffuse optics (DO) is a light-based technique used to study the human brain, but it suffers
from low brain specificity. Interferometric diffuse optics (iDO) promises to improve the …

Diffuse correlation spectroscopy (DCS) has emerged as a versatile, noninvasive method for
deep tissue perfusion assessment using near-infrared light. A broad class of applications is …

Preclinical studies provide strong evidence that age-related impairment of neurovascular
coupling (NVC) plays a causal role in the pathogenesis of vascular cognitive impairment …