Root nodules formed by plants of the nitrogen-fixing clade (NFC) are symbiotic organs that
function in the maintenance and metabolic integration of large populations of nitrogen-fixing …

Pathogenic bacteria and mutualistic rhizobia are able to invade and establish chronic
infections within their host plants. The success of these plant–bacteria interactions requires …

Summary Soybean [Glycine max [L.] Merr.] is the most important legume cropped worldwide,
with important roles in human and animal nutrition, besides broad industrial applications …

Nodulation is the result of a mutualistic interaction between legumes and symbiotic soil
bacteria (eg soybean [Glycine max] and Bradyrhizobium japonicum) initiated by the infection …

Plant tissues host a variety of fungi. One important group is the dark septate endophytes
(DSEs) that colonize plant roots and form characteristic intracellular structures–melanized …

Gene expression analysis requires the use of reference genes constitutively expressed
independently of tissues or environmental conditions. Housekee** genes (eg, actin …

Background R genes are a key component of genetic interactions between plants and
biotrophic bacteria and are known to regulate resistance against bacterial invasion. The …

Genotype-specific incompatibility in legume–rhizobium symbiosis has been suggested to be
controlled by effector-triggered immunity underlying pathogenic host-bacteria interactions …

Background Lectins are a class of carbohydrate-binding proteins. They play roles in various
biological processes. However, little is known about their evolutionary history and their …

Phosphorus (P) deficiency is widespread in regions where the common bean (Phaseolus
vulgaris), the most important legume for human consumption, is produced, and it is perhaps …