Background Cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) may seriously affect quality of life. In the
literature, there is scarce evidence of the pros and cons of full endoscopic spine surgery in …

Introduction Lumbar disc herniation in obese individuals poses unique surgical challenges
which can influence outcomes in such patients. Limited studies are available evaluating the …

Background Facetectomy, an important procedure in the in–out and out–in techniques of
transforaminal endoscopic lumbar discectomy (TELD), is related to the deterioration of the …

Objectives To compare the short-term outcomes of unilateral biportal endoscopic lumbar
interbody fusion (BLIF) and uniportal endoscopic lumbar interbody fusion (ULIF). Methods …

Background and study aims Multiple surgical approaches have been studied and accepted
for the removal of highly downward migrated lumbar disc herniation (LDH). Here, we …

Study Design This was a retrospective cohort study. Objective We evaluated the feasibility,
safety, and accuracy of full-endoscopic posterior lumbar interbody fusion (FE-PLIF) by …

Uniportal full endoscopic posterolateral transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (Endo-TLIF)
with percutaneous pedicle screw fixation is a promising, minimally invasive method for the …

Endoscopic spine surgery (ESS) began more than 20 years ago as percutaneous
endoscopic discectomy and has evolved to the present day. This technique offers many …

Background Transforaminal percutaneous endoscopic lumbar surgeries (PELS) for lumbar
disc herniation and spinal stenosis are growing in popularity. However, there are some …

Background Uniportal full endoscopic posterolateral transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion
(Endo-TLIF) with percutaneous pedicle screw fixation is a promising, minimally invasive …