Recent evidence indicates that the United States is facing a public health crisis of alcohol
misuse and alcohol use disorder (AUD), which has been fueled in part by dramatic rises in …

Stress has long been associated with substance misuse and substance use disorders
(SUDs). The past two decades have seen a surge in research aimed at understanding the …

Substance use disorders (SUDs) are marked by heterogeneity in clinical symptomatology
and high relapse rates following treatment. Here, we describe specific peripheral and central …

Adolescence represents a period of risk for initiation of substance use and the development
of substance use disorders (SUDs). In addition, during adolescence, there is rapid …

This is an evaluative review of the field of prenatal substance exposure, with a focus on
neurobiological and behavioral outcomes from infancy to young adulthood. We provide an …

Prenatal neurodevelopment is dependent on precise functioning of multiple signalling
pathways in the brain, including those mobilised by glucocorticoids (GC) and …

Parenting is a critical factor in adolescent social–emotional development, with maladaptive
parenting leading to risk for the development of psychopathology. However, the emotion …

Prenatal drug exposure may have important repercussions across the lifespan for cognition
and behavior. While alcohol is a recognized teratogen, the influences of other substances …

Childhood and adolescence are salient periods for the development of adrenocortical and
autonomic arms of the stress response system (SRS), setting the stage for subsequent …

Early life adversity is a documented risk factor for substance abuse and addiction. The pre-
and perinatal period (ie, from implantation, through pregnancy, to 6 months of age) is a …