Leishmaniasis is a parasitic, widespread, and neglected disease that affects more than 90
countries in the world. More than 20 Leishmania species cause different forms of …

Polymorphonuclear neutrophil granulocytes (PMNs) possess numerous effector
mechanisms to kill ingested pathogens as the first line of defence. However, several …

Neutrophils act as the first line of defense against invading pathogens. Although traditionally
considered in context of their antimicrobial effector functions, the importance of tumor …

Secretion of the cytokine interleukin-1β (IL-1β) by macrophages, a major driver of
pathogenesis in atherosclerosis, requires two steps: Priming signals promote transcription of …

Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) promote atherosclerosis by inducing proinflammatory
cytokines, but the underlying mechanism remains unknown. NET DNA is immunogenic, but …

Neutrophils contain granules loaded with antimicrobial proteins and are regarded as
impermeable organelles that deliver cargo via membrane fusion. However, during the …

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease in which patients develop
autoantibodies to DNA, histones, and often to neutrophil proteins. These form immune …

Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are extracellular structures composed of chromatin and
granule proteins that bind and kill microorganisms. We show that upon stimulation, the …

Neutrophils are critical for antifungal defense, but the mechanisms that clear hyphae and
other pathogens that are too large to be phagocytosed remain unknown. We found that …

Neutrophils (PMNs) and cytokines have a critical role to play in host defense and systemic
inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) have been …