Parents affect offspring fitness by propagule size and quality, selection of oviposition site,
quality of incubation, feeding of dependent young, and their defence against predators and …

The consequences of polyandry for female fitness are controversial. Sexual conflict studies
and a meta‐analysis of mating rates in insects suggest that there is a longevity cost when …

Predator effects on prey demography have traditionally been ascribed solely to direct killing
in studies of population ecology and wildlife management. Predators also affect the prey's …

Somewhere in Africa, more than a million years ago, a line of apes began to rear their young
differently than their Great Ape ancestors. From this new form of care came new ways of …

Recent decades have witnessed an explosion of theoretical and empirical studies of sex
allocation, transforming how we understand the allocation of resources to male and female …

Humans stand out among the apes by having both an extremely large brain and a relatively
high reproductive output, which has been proposed to be a consequence of cooperative …

How do parents recognize their offspring when the cost of making a recognition error is high
[1–3]? Avian brood parasite-host systems have been used to address this question because …

Central questions of behavioural and evolutionary ecology are what factors influence the
reproductive success of dominant breeders and subordinate nonbreeders within animal …

Life-history theory predicts that individuals should adjust their reproductive effort according
to the expected fitness returns on investment. Because sexually selected male traits should …

The conundrum of why subordinate individuals assist dominants at the expense of their own
direct reproduction has received much theoretical and empirical attention over the last 50 …