This handbook provides a comprehensive review of transverse-momentum-dependent
parton distribution functions and fragmentation functions, commonly referred to as …

The nucleons (protons and neutrons) are by far the most abundant form of matter in our
visible Universe; they are composite particles made of quarks and gluons, the fundamental …

Using a recently developed light-front spectator model that incorporates gluon, where the
light-front wave functions are modeled from the soft-wall anti–de Sitter/QCD prediction, we …

Generalized transverse momentum dependent parton distributions (GTMDs) are the most
general parton correlation functions of hadrons. By considering the exclusive double Drell …

In this review, we present the current status of phenomenological research on constraining
the multi-dimensional proton (and nucleus) structure at high energies through studies of the …

We calculate the contribution to the gravitational form factors (GFFs) from the gluon part of
the energy-momentum tensor in QCD. We take a simple spin 1/2 composite state, namely a …

We evaluate the elliptic gluon generalized transverse-momentum-dependent distribution
inside a large nucleus using the McLerran-Venugopalan model. We further show that this …

We study the phase-space distributions of gluons inside a nucleon/nucleus in the small-x
regime including the gluon saturation effect. This can be done by using the relation between …

We investigate the Wigner distributions for u and d quarks in a light-front quark-diquark
model of a proton to unravel the spatial and spin structure. The light-front wave functions are …

The boost-invariant longitudinal space, defined by the parameter σ= 1 2 b-P+, can be
studied from the Fourier transformation of generalized transverse momentum distributions …