Objective: This article provides a review of empirical studies of automated vehicle takeovers
and driver modeling to identify influential factors and their impacts on takeover performance …

In conditional automation (level 3), human drivers can hand over the Driving Dynamic Task
(DDT) to the Automated Driving System (ADS) and only be ready to resume control in …

Objective: The aim of this study was to review existing research into driver control transitions
and to determine the time it takes drivers to resume control from a highly automated vehicle …

An important question in automated driving research is how quickly drivers take over control
of the vehicle in response to a critical event or a take-over request. Although a large number …

Despite an abundant use of the term “Out of the loop”(OOTL) in the context of automated
driving and human factors research, there is currently a lack of consensus on its precise …

The automation of longitudinal and lateral control has enabled drivers to become “hands
and feet free” but they are required to remain in an active monitoring state with a …

When a highly automated car reaches its operational limits, it needs to provide a take-over
request (TOR) in order for the driver to resume control. The aim of this simulator-based study …

Objective: The objective for this study was to investigate the effects of prior familiarization
with takeover requests (TORs) during conditional automated driving on drivers' initial …

Shared control schemes allow a human driver to work with an automated driving agent in
driver-vehicle systems while retaining the driverʼ s abilities to control. The human driver, as …

This driving simulator study, conducted as part of the EC-funded AdaptIVe project, assessed
drivers' visual attention distribution during automation and on approach to a critical event …