The habitability of Europa is a property within a system, which is driven by a multitude of
physical and chemical processes and is defined by many interdependent parameters, so …

Jupiter's icy moon, Europa, harbors a subsurface liquid water ocean; the prospect of this
ocean being habitable motivates further exploration of the moon with the upcoming NASA …

Icy moons like Enceladus, and perhaps Europa, emit material sourced from their subsurface
oceans into space via plumes of ice grains and gas. Both moons are prime targets for …

The plume of Enceladus is unique in the solar system in providing direct access to fresh
material from an extraterrestrial subsurface ocean. The Cassini Mission, though not …

The reliable identification of biosignatures is key to the search for life elsewhere. On ocean
worlds like Enceladus or Europa, this can be achieved by impact ionization mass …

The concept of a biosignature is widely used in astrobiology to suggest a link between some
observation and a biological cause, given some context. The term itself has been defined …

Europa and Enceladus, respective moons of Jupiter and Saturn, are prime targets in the
exploration of potentially habitable extraterrestrial ocean worlds. Organic material could be …

Reliable identification of biosignatures, such as amino acids, fatty acids, and peptides, on
extraterrestrial ocean worlds is a key prerequisite for space missions that search for life or its …

The field of prebiotic chemistry has demonstrated that complex organic chemical systems
that exhibit various life-like properties can be produced abiotically in the laboratory …

Astrobiology studies are a top priority in answering one of the most fundamental questions in
planetary science: Is there life beyond Earth? Saturn's icy moon Enceladus is a prime target …