Inspection reliability of small-scale defects, targeting dimensions below 100 µm, is crucial for
structural safety of critical components in high-value applications. Early defects are often …

Magnetic flux leakage (MFL) testing is a widely used nondestructive testing (NDT) method
for the inspection of ferromagnetic materials. This review paper presents the basic principles …

Cracks that may cause pipeline cracking and leakage become the main risk of in-service
pipelines after conventional metal loss defects have been detected. Therefore, it is …

Magnetic flux leakage (MFL) detection is widely used for non‐destructive testing of rails,
pipelines and storage tanks. The leakage magnetic field (LMF) of a defect, especially a small …

For in-line inspection of ferromagnetic materials, magnetic flux leakage (MFL) detection is
one of the most common nondestructive testing methods. In practical applications of …

In conventional magnetic flux leakage (MFL) detection, a lift-off layer based on air or non-
ferromagnetic wear-resistant material is employed to prevent magnetic sensors from …

Eddy current array testing (ECAT) is a useful tool in evaluating defect sizes. However, it is
difficult for ECAT to evaluate the inner defects in ferromagnetic materials due to thin skin …

Thick-walled steel pipes, which bear high internal pressure, are widely applied in nuclear
power and pressure pipelines. If there are defects in the inner wall, they are easy to expand …

It is of great importance to improve the spatial resolution and sensitivity of magnetic flux
leakage (MFL) sensors for small cracks' characterization on pipelines. To solve these …

Surface cracks in the raceway of hub bearings pose a significant safety threat. Magnetic
particle testing (MPT) can be used to locate these cracks regardless of the influences …