Turbulent and radiative exchanges of heat between the ocean and atmosphere (hereafter
heat fluxes), ocean surface wind stress, and state variables used to estimate them, are …

Extratropical cyclones are responsible for a large share of precipitation at midlatitudes and
they profoundly impact the characteristics of the water cycle. In this study, we use the ERA5 …

The development of atmospheric blocks over the North Atlantic–European region can lead
to extreme weather events like heat waves or cold air outbreaks. Despite their potential …

The conceptual picture of an extratropical cyclone typically includes a cold front and a dry
intrusion (DI) behind it. By objectively identifying fronts and DIs in ECMWF ERA-Interim data …

Abstract The Kuroshio‐Oyashio Extension and Gulf Stream oceanic frontal zones are
characterized by enhanced activity of synoptic‐scale cyclones and anticyclones and …

While the climatological-mean sensible and latent heat fluxes are remarkably well described
using climatological-mean fields in the bulk flux formulas, this study shows that a significant …

We present in this paper the results of the Russian Academy of Sciences North Atlantic
Atmospheric Downscaling (RAS-NAAD) project, which provides a 40-yr 3D hindcast of the …

Warm conveyor belts (WCBs) are dynamically important, strongly ascending and mostly
stratiform cloud-forming airstreams in extratropical cyclones. Despite the predominantly …

A dynamic stochastic model based on the Langevin stochastic differential equation is
introduced for the reanalysis data of the ERA5 database to model and analyze the behavior …

The ability of a stochastically perturbed parameterization (SPP) approach to represent
uncertainties in the model component of the Canadian Global Ensemble Prediction System …