Abstract The Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) is a highly promising
variational quantum algorithm that aims to solve combinatorial optimization problems that …

Statistical mechanics provides a framework for describing the physics of large, complex
many-body systems using only a few macroscopic parameters to determine the state of the …

This is an extended version of my Nobel Lecture, delivered on December 8, 2021. I will
recall the genesis of the concept of multiple equilibria in natural sciences. I will then describe …

Abstract The Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) is a general-purpose
algorithm for combinatorial optimization problems whose performance can only improve with …

Recent years witnessed the development of powerful generative models based on flows,
diffusion, or autoregressive neural networks, achieving remarkable success in generating …

This review summarizes recent developments in the theory of spin glasses, as well as
pertinent experimental data. The most characteristic properties of spin glass systems are …

With the high-temperature superconductors a qualitatively new regime in the
phenomenology of type-II superconductivity can be accessed. The key elements governing …

The phase of condensed matter known as spin glasses has become a vital and productive
area of research. Historically, experiment has suggested unusual effects which have brought …

The celebrated Parisi solution of the Sherrington-Kirkpatrick model for spin glasses is one of
the most important achievements in the field of disordered systems. Over the last three …

An ensemble of nanoparticles in which the inter-particle magnetic interactions are
sufficiently weak shows superparamagnetic behaviour as described by the Néel–Brown …