Cognitive bias is increasingly recognised as an important source of medical error, and is
both ubiquitous across clinical practice yet incompletely understood. This increasing …

Background Diagnostic error incurs enormous human and economic costs. The dual-
process model reasoning provides a framework for understanding the diagnostic process …

Contemporary theories of clinical reasoning espouse a dual processing model, which
consists of a rapid, intuitive component (Type 1) and a slower, logical and analytical …

Diagnostic errors contribute to as many as 70% of medical errors. Prevention of diagnostic
errors is more complex than building safety checks into health care systems; it requires an …

This chapter explores research in medical expertise to examine how it may inform the
understanding of the role of deliberate practice in expertise, and talks about new medical …

This best-selling textbook, written by award-winning educator and past president of the
American Psychological Association, Diane F. Halpern, applies theory and research from …

Context The myth of generalisable thinking skills in medical education is gaining popularity
once again. The implications are significant as medical educators decide on how best to use …

Background Growing evidence for the role of GPs' gut feelings in cancer diagnosis raises
questions about their origin and role in clinical practice. Aim To explore the origins of GPs' …

Objective: Fuzzy-trace theory is a dual-process model of memory, reasoning, judgment, and
decision making that contrasts with traditional expectancy-value approaches. We review the …

Context The idea that reflection improves reasoning and learning, since long present in
other fields, emerged in the 90s in the medical education literature. Since then, the number …