The popularity of portable electronic devices and electric vehicles has led to the drastically
increasing consumption of lithium-ion batteries recently, raising concerns about the disposal …

Production of metals stands for 40% of all industrial greenhouse gas emissions, 10% of the
global energy consumption, 3.2 billion tonnes of minerals mined, and several billion tonnes …

Advancement in energy storage technologies is closely related to social development.
However, a significant conflict has arisen between the explosive growth in battery demand …

The rapid proliferation of electric vehicles equipped with lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) presents
serious waste management challenges and environmental hazards for recyclers after scrap …

Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are widely used as power storage systems in electronic devices
and electric vehicles (EVs). Recycling of spent LIBs is of utmost importance from various …

As the dominant means of energy storage technology today, the widespread deployment of
lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) would inevitably generate countless spent batteries at their end …

Being successfully introduced into the market only 30 years ago, lithium‐ion batteries have
become state‐of‐the‐art power sources for portable electronic devices and the most …

High energy density has made Li-ion battery become a reliable energy storage technology
for transport-grid applications. Safely disposing batteries that below 80% of their nominal …

There is a growing demand for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) for electric transportation and to
support the application of renewable energies by auxiliary energy storage systems. This …

Environmental pollution and critical materials loss from spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) is a
major global concern. Practical LIB recycling obviates pollution, saves resources and boosts …