Clinical epidemiology is sometimes called the basic science of clinical medicine. In terms of
the pathogenesis of testicular germ cell tumors (GCTs), clinical epidemiology analyzes …

Although much research focuses on hormones during gestation, little is known about the
actual hormone concentrations within the fetal surroundings. The aim of this study was to …

Plastics and pesticides are examples of products that contain oestrogenic endocrine-
disrupting chemicals, or EEDCs, which can interfere with mammalian development by …

Background The effect of pregnancy on the risk of breast cancer is not clear. We tested the
hypothesis that the risk of breast cancer increases transiently after pregnancy but then falls …

Objective: To investigate the risk of uterine leiomyomata in relation to reproductive factors
and oral contraceptive use. Design: A prospective study. Setting: A cohort of female …

Associations between parity and the risk of breast cancer, and the relative importance of age
at first and age at last birth on breast cancer risk, were estimated in a case-control study …

Intrauterine exposure to high concentrations of endogenous pregnancy oestrogens may be
important in the aetiology of breast cancer. In a nested case-control study we have assessed …

Although the incidence of testis cancer has risen markedly in many Western populations
over the past half‐century, it is not clear whether rates in other populations also have …

To evaluate the hypothesis of a common etiology for cryptorchidism and hypospadias, we
conducted two case-control studies nested in a nationwide cohort in Sweden, using record …

Background Emerging evidence suggests an association between female prenatal
experience and her subsequent risk of develo** breast cancer. Potential underlying …