The phosphonic acid functional group, which is characterized by a phosphorus atom
bonded to three oxygen atoms (two hydroxy groups and one P= O double bond) and one …

During the development and application of natural gas, hydrate plugging the pipelines is a
very important issue to solve. Currently, adding thermodynamic hydrate inhibitors (THIs) and …

Nanotechnology has grown rapidly in both research and applications over the past two
decades including in the upstream petroleum industry. A recent hot area for studying …

Inorganic salt precipitation is one of the main problems in oilfield operations. Different factors
affect scale formation and inhibition. Calcium sulfate scale formation occurs during …

The petroleum industry has strived for several years to explore environmentally friendly
scale inhibitors with no acute environmental impact. Well-known industrial biodegradable …

Scaling is one of the most frequently stated problems in the oil industry, and scale inhibitors
(SIs) are applied to prevent its formation. Organophosphonates are well-known types of SIs …

Phosphonate-based scale inhibitors (SIs) have been used in the oil industry for decades.
They are excellent inhibitors particularly of Group II sulfate scales and offer several …

In this work, the calcium sulfate (anhydrite) and strontium sulfate precipitation simultaneous
prediction was performed at various reservoir pressures, temperatures, and mixing ratios of …

Scale deposition is one of the main water-based production problems in the upstream oil
and gas industry. Few environmentally friendly scale inhibitors show good thermal stability …

Scale formation is the precipitation of sparingly soluble inorganic salts from an aqueous
medium. Oilfield scales are formed by precipitation from the water that occurs naturally in …