Thanatosis—also known as death-feigning and, we argue more appropriately, tonic
immobility (TI)—is an under-reported but fascinating anti-predator strategy adopted by …

Among vertebrates, defensive behaviours have been reviewed for fishes, salamanders,
reptiles, birds, and mammals, but not yet for anuran amphibians. Although several defensive …

A crucial step in any ethological study is to distinguish and classify the observed behavior
into categories. The literature on anuran antipredator mechanisms is largely scattered and …

The “escape-and-radiate” hypothesis predicts that antipredator defenses facilitate adaptive
radiations by enabling escape from constraints of predation, diversified habitat use, and …

Although there is general agreement that the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) is
critical for triggering the neuroendocrine response to visual threats, there is uncertainty …

In amphibians, secretions of toxins from specialized skin poison glands play a central role in
defense against predators. The production of toxic secretions is often associated with …

Males' and females' reproductive strategies may differ, potentially leading to sexual conflict.
Increased efforts by males (harassment, forced copulation, intimidation) to gain access to …

Some animals react to predation threats or other stressors by adopting a freezing posture in
an attempt to avoid detection, and the duration of this behavior usually corresponds with …

Lizards are commonly preyed by a great variety of predators, including vertebrates and
invertebrates. Therefore, it is expected that lizards have developed a wide range of …

The sequence and intensity of antipredator mechanisms may be displayed according to the
risk of predation. We tested this hypothesis using two species of marsupial treefrogs from …