Interaction of the T cell receptor (TCR) with an MHC-antigenic peptide complex results in
changes at the molecular and cellular levels in T cells. The outside environmental cues are …

One hundred years ago, Ramón y Cajal, considered by many as the founder of modern
neuroscience, stated that neurons of the adult central nervous system (CNS) are incapable …

Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades are key signalling pathways that
regulate a wide variety of cellular processes, including proliferation, differentiation …

Cisplatin and other platinum-based chemotherapeutic drugs have been used extensively for
the treatment of human cancers such as bladder, blood, breast, cervical, esophageal, head …

This review offers a systematic understanding about how polyphenols target multiple
inflammatory components and lead to anti-inflammatory mechanisms. It provides a clear …

Osteoarthritis (OA), characterized by joint malfunction and chronic disability, is the most
common form of arthritis. Clinical and animal experiments reveal that age-related OA is …

The dopaminergic system plays important roles in neuromodulation, such as motor control,
motivation, reward, cognitive function, maternal, and reproductive behaviors. Dopamine is a …

Depression is one of the most debilitating psychiatric disorders affecting people of all ages
worldwide. Despite significant heterogeneity between studies, increased inflammation and …

Background: Cancer is considered a major cause of death worldwide. The etiology of cancer
is linked to environmental and genetic inheritance causes. Approximately 90 percent of all …

Protein phosphorylation is an important cellular regulatory mechanism as many enzymes
and receptors are activated/deactivated by phosphorylation and dephosphorylation events …