Abstract Background Protected areas (PAs) have become one of the most important
instruments to preserve nature and, when effective, can significantly reduce human pressure …

Tourism in protected areas was a fast-growing segment within the global travel and tourism
industry prior to the economic fallout from the COVID-19 pandemic. As a development …

Managing relationships among ecosystem service supplies and demands and manipulating
certain drivers to maintain well-balanced ecosystem service suites are key challenges for …

While human activities are known to elicit rapid turnover in species composition through
time, the properties of the species that increase or decrease their spatial occupancy …

Protected areas are critical for providing ecosystem services. However, studies on the effect
of protected areas on ecosystem service enhancement remain lacking, which restricts …

Ecosystem services (ES) are the important component supporting the United Nations
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) realization. In recent decades, rapid urbanization …

Protected areas (PAs) are the most important conservation tool, yet assessing their
effectiveness is remarkably challenging. We clarify the links between the many facets of PA …

Protected areas (PAs) are the primary strategy for slowing terrestrial biodiversity loss.
Although expansion of PA coverage is prioritized under the Convention on Biological …

Expanding and enhancing protected area networks (PAs) is at the forefront of efforts to
conserve and restore global biodiversity but climate change and habitat loss can interact …

Protected areas are a key conservation tool, yet their effectiveness at maintaining
biodiversity through time is rarely quantified. Here, we assess protected area effectiveness …