Immune evasion contributes to cancer growth and progression. Cancer cells have the ability
to activate different immune checkpoint pathways that harbor immunosuppressive functions …

Tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs) are crucial components of the tumour
microenvironment and play a significant role in tumour development and drug resistance by …

Importance Malignant primary brain tumors cause more than 15 000 deaths per year in the
United States. The annual incidence of primary malignant brain tumors is approximately 7 …

Immune-mediated anti-tumoral responses, elicited by oncolytic viruses and augmented with
checkpoint inhibition, may be an effective treatment approach for glioblastoma. Here in this …

The most frequent adult-type primary CNS tumours are diffuse gliomas, but a large variety of
rarer CNS tumour types exists. The classification of these tumours is increasingly based on …

Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has revolutionized modern cancer therapy, arousing
great interest in the neuro-oncology community. While several reports show that subsets of …

In the past decade, substantial advances have been made in understanding the biology of
tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs), and their clinical relevance is emerging. A …

Gliomas are the common type of brain tumors originating from glial cells. Epidemiologically,
gliomas occur among all ages, more often seen in adults, which males are more susceptible …

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common high-grade primary malignant brain tumor with an
extremely poor prognosis. Given the poor survival with currently approved treatments for …

Background Nearly all patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma experience recurrence
following standard-of-care radiotherapy (RT)+ temozolomide (TMZ). The purpose of the …