Interfacial reactions drive all elemental cycling on Earth and play pivotal roles in human
activities such as agriculture, water purification, energy production and storage …

BACKGROUND Numerous lines of evidence challenge the traditional interpretations of how
crystals nucleate and grow in synthetic and natural systems. In contrast to the monomer-by …

Dental enamel is the hardest and most mineralized tissue in extinct and extant vertebrate
species and provides maximum durability that allows teeth to function as weapons and/or …

Our populations are aging. Some experts predict that 30% of hospital beds will soon be
occupied by osteoporosis patients. Statistics show that 20% of patients suffering from an …

Biomineralization is the process by which organisms form mineralized tissues with
hierarchical structures and excellent properties, including the bones and teeth in …

Enamel is the hardest and most resilient tissue in the human body. Enamel includes
morphologically aligned, parallel,∼ 50 nm wide, microns-long nanocrystals, bundled either …

Calcium phosphate is applied in many products in biomedicine, but also in toothpastes and
cosmetics. In some cases, it is present in nanoparticulate form, either on purpose or after …

Over the last several years, significant progress has been made toward understanding the
mechanisms involved in the mineralization of hard collagenous tissues, such as bone and …

In situ regeneration of the enamel‐like structure of hydroxyapatite (HAp) crystals under oral
conditions is significant for dental caries treatment. However, it is still a challenge for dentists …

A major goal in materials science is to develop bioinspired functional materials based on the
precise control of molecular building blocks across length scales. Here we report a protein …