To achieve a coherent evolutionary theory, it is necessary to account for the effects of the
environment on the process of development. Phenotypic plasticity is the change in the …

Phenotypic plasticity is an environmentally based change in the phenotype. Understanding
the evolution of adaptive phenotypic plasticity has been hampered by dissenting opinions …

Trait-based studies have become extremely common in plant ecology. Trait-based
approaches often rely on the tacit assumption that intraspecific trait variability (ITV) is …

Question: Associations of body size and of body temperature with fitness have complex
relationships for ectotherms, but three general patterns are known. Bigger is better: Larger …

Environmental heterogeneity may be a general explanation for both the quantity of genetic
variation in populations and the ecological niche width of individuals. To evaluate this …

While average temperature is likely to increase in most locations on Earth, many places will
simultaneously experience higher variability in temperature, precipitation, and other climate …

The ability of individual organisms to alter morphological and life‐history traits in response to
the conditions they experience is an example of phenotypic plasticity which is fundamental …

The impetus for this book arose out of my previous book, The Evolution of Life Histories
(Roff, 1992). In that book I presented a single chapter on quanti tative genetic theory …

The high potential fitness benefit of phenotypic plasticity tempts us to expect phenotypic
plasticity as a frequent adaptation to environmental heterogeneity. Examples of proven …

Temperature provides a powerful theme for exploring environmental adaptation at all levels
of biological organization, from molecular kinetics to organismal fitness to global …