Chondrogenesis is the earliest phase of skeletal development, involving mesenchymal cell
recruitment and migration, condensation of progenitors, and chondrocyte differentiation, and …

The limb bud is of paradigmatic value to understanding vertebrate organogenesis. Recent
genetic analysis in mice has revealed the existence of a largely self-regulatory limb bud …

For a long time, the skeleton was seen as an amorphous tissue of little biological interest.
But such a view ignored the large number of genetic and degenerative diseases affecting …

Fibroblast growth factors (FGF) and their receptors serve many functions in both the
develo** and adult organism. Humans contain 18 FGF ligands and four FGF receptors …

Tetra-amelia is a rare human genetic disorder characterized by complete absence of all four
limbs and other anomalies. We studied a consanguineous family with four affected fetuses …

Brain structures derived from the mesencephalon (mes) and rhombomere 1 (r1) modulate
distinct motor and sensory modalities. The precise origin and cellular behaviors …

Even young children can distinguish a Tyrannosaurus rex from a Brontosaurus by observing
differences in bone size, shape, number and arrangement, that is, skeletal pattern. But …

Tbx4 is a member of the T-box family of transcription factor genes, which have been shown
to play important roles in development. We have ablated Tbx4 function using targeted …

Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) comprise a family of 22 distinct proteins with pleiotropic
signaling functions in development and homeostasis. These functions are mediated …

The Heartless (Htl) FGF receptor is required for the differentiation of a variety of mesodermal
tissues in the Drosophila embryo, yet its ligand is not known. Here we identify two new FGF …