Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has revolutionized modern cancer therapy, arousing
great interest in the neuro-oncology community. While several reports show that subsets of …

Mutations in the genes encoding the cytoplasmic and mitochondrial forms of isocitrate
dehydrogenase (IDH1 and IDH2, respectively; collectively referred to as IDH) are frequently …

Background Addition of temozolomide (TMZ) to radiotherapy (RT) improves overall survival
(OS) in patients with glioblastoma (GBM), but previous studies suggest that patients with …

Gliomas, the most common malignant primary brain tumours, remain universally lethal. Yet,
seminal discoveries in the past 5 years have clarified the anatomy, genetics and function of …

Brain tumors, although rare, contribute to distinct mortality and morbidity at all ages.
Although there are few therapeutic options for brain tumors, enhanced biological …

Glioblastomas are aggressive primary brain tumors with an inherent resistance to T cell-
centric immunotherapy due to their low mutational burden and immunosuppressive tumor …

Background Cancers with a defective DNA mismatch repair (dMMR) system contain
thousands of mutations most frequently located in monomorphic microsatellites and are …

Programmed cell death protein 1/programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) is a
negative modulatory signaling pathway for activation of T cell. It is acknowledged that PD …

Context.—The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved immune checkpoint
inhibitor therapy for patients with advanced solid tumors that have DNA mismatch repair …

Glioblastoma is a highly lethal brain cancer with a median survival rate of less than 15
months when treated with the current standard of care, which consists of surgery …