Some information and knowledge are usually represented by human language like “about
100km”,“approximately 39° C”,“roughly 80kg”,“low speed”,“middle age”, and “big size”. How …

Connectivity is one of the most important concepts in graph theory. When graph theory is
applied to complex systems with indeterminate factors, uncertainty and randomness are two …

In the field of graph theory, the shortest path problem is one of the most significant problems.
However, since varieties of indeterminated factors appear in complex networks, determining …

In many practical problems, randomness and uncertainty simultaneously appear in one
complex system or network. When graph theory is applied to these problems, these complex …

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Over the years, various types of differential equations have been employed to describe a
myriad of processes driven by the respective forms of indeterminacy. This paper presents …

This paper attempts to create a supply chain inventory model for perishable goods that
simultaneously considers delayed payment and shortage. For this purpose, a two-layer …

Metric is a vital concept on a space. In this paper, a new metric is proposed to study the
space consisting of uncertain variables. Then, some formulas of calculating the metric in …

This paper examines an uncertain stochastic maximum principle, aiming to establish a
necessary condition for optimality in control problems through the classical variational …

Temperature control is quite extensive in their daily lives and industrial applications, and
past temperature control is done by hand and not enough attention, in fact, temperature …