The TGF-β regulatory system plays crucial roles in the preservation of organismal integrity.
TGF-β signaling controls metazoan embryo development, tissue homeostasis, and injury …

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is estimated to affect 10–14% of global population. Kidney
fibrosis, characterized by excessive extracellular matrix deposition leading to scarring, is a …

Myocardial fibrosis, the expansion of the cardiac interstitium through deposition of
extracellular matrix proteins, is a common pathophysiologic companion of many different …

TGF-β is extensively implicated in the pathogenesis of fibrosis. In fibrotic lesions, spatially
restricted generation of bioactive TGF-β from latent stores requires the cooperation of …

Cardiac fibrosis is a common pathophysiologic companion of most myocardial diseases,
and is associated with systolic and diastolic dysfunction, arrhythmogenesis, and adverse …

Obesity, diabetes mellitus, hypertension and cardiovascular disease are risk factors for
chronic kidney disease (CKD) and kidney failure. Chronic, low-grade inflammation is …

Renal tubules are the major component of the kidney and are vulnerable to a variety of
injuries including hypoxia, proteinuria, toxins, metabolic disorders, and senescence. It has …

Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is the primary factor that drives fibrosis in most, if not
all, forms of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Inhibition of the TGF-β isoform, TGF-β1, or its …

Renal fibrosis is the final pathological process common to any ongoing, chronic kidney
injury or maladaptive repair. It is considered as the underlying pathological process of …

Fibrosis occurs when there is an imbalance in extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition and
degradation. Excessive ECM deposition results in scarring and thickening of the affected …