Mendelian randomization (MR) is a term that applies to the use of genetic variation to
address causal questions about how modifiable exposures influence different outcomes …

Importance Mendelian randomization (MR) studies use genetic variation associated with
modifiable exposures to assess their possible causal relationship with outcomes and aim to …

Metabolic processes can influence disease risk and provide therapeutic targets. By
conducting genome-wide association studies of 1,091 blood metabolites and 309 metabolite …

This paper provides guidelines for performing Mendelian randomization investigations. It is
aimed at practitioners seeking to undertake analyses and write up their findings, and at …

Background Sepsis is characterised by dysregulated, life-threatening immune responses,
which are thought to be driven by cytokines such as interleukin 6 (IL-6). Genetic variants in …

Importance Mendelian randomization (MR) is a statistical approach that has become
increasingly popular in the field of cardiovascular disease research. It offers a way to infer …

The concept of aging is complex, including many related phenotypes such as healthspan,
lifespan, extreme longevity, frailty and epigenetic aging, suggesting shared biological …

Background Considerable evidence has been reported that tobacco use could cause
alterations in gut microbiota composition. The microbiota-gut–brain axis also in turn hinted at …

Background: Observational studies suggested that residual risk of cardiovascular events
after LDL (low-density lipoprotein) cholesterol lowering may be linked to remnant cholesterol …

Inverse‐variance weighted two‐sample Mendelian randomization (IVW‐MR) is the most
widely used approach that utilizes genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) summary …