The air–sea interface is a key gateway in the Earth system. It is where the atmosphere sets
the ocean in motion, climate/weather-relevant air–sea processes occur, and pollutants (ie …

Abstract The Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) has developed the third Japanese global
atmospheric reanalysis, the Japanese Reanalysis for Three Quarters of a Century (JRA-3Q) …

The role ships play in atmospheric, oceanic, and biogeochemical observations is described
with a focus on measurements made near the ocean surface. Ships include merchant and …

Satellite, reanalysis, and ocean in situ data are analyzed to evaluate regional, hemispheric
and global mean trends in Earth's energy fluxes during the first 20 years of the twenty‐first …

This study uses advanced numerical and diagnostic methods to evaluate the atmospheric
energy budget with the fifth major global reanalysis produced by ECMWF (ERA5) in …

The year 1919 was important in meteorology, not only because it was the year that the
American Meteorological Society was founded, but also for two other reasons. One of the …

Surface air temperature (t2m) data are essential for understanding climate dynamics and
assessing the impacts of climate change. Reanalysis products, which combine observations …

Regional reanalyses constitute valuable new data sources for climatological applications by
providing consistent meteorological parameter fields commonly requested, eg, wind speed …

Seasonal forecasts of meteorological drought can aid decision-making in various sectors but
must be trustful and skillful. One of the major drawbacks of such forecasts lies in the inherent …

The monitoring of near-surface temperature is a fundamental task of climatology that
remains especially challenging in mountain regions. Here we assess the regional …