This article provides a comprehensive review of recent applications of characteristic mode
analysis (CMA) to innovative antenna element designs, including multiport, circularly …

With the increasing demand for high-speed data, rapid deployments of the 5G terrestrial
heterogeneous wireless networks are expected worldwide in the next decade. In such …

Over the past decade, characteristic mode analysis (CMA) research has grown from a niche
topic to a mainstream topic, warranting a tutorial-style special issue to survey the significant …

Electrically compact antennas that exploit the characteristic modes (CMs) of their platforms
have recently attracted much attention in military and terminal device antenna research …

A penta-mode concept is proposed for the design of single-fed ultrawideband circularly
polarized (CP) antennas. The concept involves five linearly polarized (LP) modes in a way …

Nearly all practical applications of the theory of characteristic modes (CMs) involve the use
of computational tools. This article is the second in a series of five on CM–. Here, we review …

The sub-structure characteristic modes (CMs) can be used to describe the localized modal
behavior of antenna systems, giving us more degrees of freedom to explore the resonance …

A novel dual-band dual-sense circularly polarized (CP) metasurface (MTS) antenna with
high-gain performance is designed. A 2× 3 square patch array, as the basic MTS, is …

A deterministic evaluation procedure for multiport direction-finding (DF) antennas is
proposed. It is based on a DF uncertainty parameter, which describes how well different …

Since the available ambient power level is usually quite low for radio frequency energy
harvesting, it is very desirable for an antenna to have both a high gain and a wide …