A conceptual framework for understanding phase separation and addressing open questions and challenges

T Mittag, RV Pappu - Molecular cell, 2022 - cell.com
Macromolecular phase separation is being recognized for its potential importance and
relevance as a driver of spatial organization within cells. Here, we describe a framework …

Biomolecular condensates at the nexus of cellular stress, protein aggregation disease and ageing

S Alberti, AA Hyman - Nature reviews Molecular cell biology, 2021 - nature.com
Biomolecular condensates are membraneless intracellular assemblies that often form via
liquid− liquid phase separation and have the ability to concentrate biopolymers. Research …

Phase transitions of associative biomacromolecules

RV Pappu, SR Cohen, F Dar, M Farag, M Kar - Chemical Reviews, 2023 - ACS Publications
Multivalent proteins and nucleic acids, collectively referred to as multivalent associative
biomacromolecules, provide the driving forces for the formation and compositional …

The molecular basis for cellular function of intrinsically disordered protein regions

AS Holehouse, BB Kragelund - Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology, 2024 - nature.com
Intrinsically disordered protein regions exist in a collection of dynamic interconverting
conformations that lack a stable 3D structure. These regions are structurally heterogeneous …

Peptide-based supramolecular systems chemistry

F Sheehan, D Sementa, A Jain, M Kumar… - Chemical …, 2021 - ACS Publications
Peptide-based supramolecular systems chemistry seeks to mimic the ability of life forms to
use conserved sets of building blocks and chemical reactions to achieve a bewildering array …

Functional partitioning of transcriptional regulators by patterned charge blocks

H Lyons, RT Veettil, P Pradhan, C Fornero… - Cell, 2023 - cell.com
Components of transcriptional machinery are selectively partitioned into specific
condensates, often mediated by protein disorder, yet we know little about how this specificity …

The nucleolus as a multiphase liquid condensate

DLJ Lafontaine, JA Riback, R Bascetin… - … reviews Molecular cell …, 2021 - nature.com
The nucleolus is the most prominent nuclear body and serves a fundamentally important
biological role as a site of ribonucleoprotein particle assembly, primarily dedicated to …

Liquid–liquid phase separation drives cellular function and dysfunction in cancer

S Mehta, J Zhang - Nature Reviews Cancer, 2022 - nature.com
Cancer is a disease of uncontrollably reproducing cells. It is governed by biochemical
pathways that have escaped the regulatory bounds of normal homeostatic balance. This …

Modulating biomolecular condensates: a novel approach to drug discovery

DM Mitrea, M Mittasch, BF Gomes, IA Klein… - Nature Reviews Drug …, 2022 - nature.com
In the past decade, membraneless assemblies known as biomolecular condensates have
been reported to play key roles in many cellular functions by compartmentalizing specific …

Phase-separating RNA-binding proteins form heterogeneous distributions of clusters in subsaturated solutions

M Kar, F Dar, TJ Welsh, LT Vogel… - Proceedings of the …, 2022 - National Acad Sciences
Macromolecular phase separation is thought to be one of the processes that drives the
formation of membraneless biomolecular condensates in cells. The dynamics of phase …