Unique, functional, homodimeric heavy chain–only antibodies, devoid of light chains, are
circulating in the blood of Camelidae. These antibodies recognize their cognate antigen via …

To adequately prepare for potential hazards caused by emerging and reemerging infectious
diseases, the WHO has issued a list of high-priority pathogens that are likely to cause future …

Infectious diseases, caused by pathogenic microorganisms, are capable of affecting crises.
In addition to persistent infectious diseases such as malaria and dengue fever, the vicious …

Recombinant antibodies such as nanobodies are progressively demonstrating to be a valid
alternative to conventional monoclonal antibodies also for clinical applications. Furthermore …

Derived from camelid heavy-chain antibodies, nanobodies (Nbs) are the smallest natural
antibodies and are an ideal tool in biological studies because of their simple structure, high …

Lassa virus (LASV) infection is expanding outside its traditionally endemic areas in West
Africa, posing a pandemic biothreat. LASV-neutralizing antibodies, moreover, have proven …

The simultaneous determination of carbaryl and its metabolite 1-naphthol is essential for risk
assessment of pesticide exposure in agricultural and environmental samples. Herein …

Live-attenuated Rift Valley fever (RVF) vaccines transiently replicate in the vaccinated host,
thereby effectively initiating an innate and adaptive immune response. Rift Valley fever virus …

The continuous evolution of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-
2) has evaded the efficacy of previously developed antibodies and vaccines, thus remaining …

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) manifests as extreme acute respiratory conditions
caused by a novel beta coronavirus named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus …