Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-associated degradation (ERAD) and the unfolded protein
response (UPR) are two key quality-control machineries in the cell. ERAD is responsible for …

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) represents the entry point into the secretory pathway where
nascent proteins encounter a specialized environment for their folding and maturation …

Membrane-bound and soluble proteins of the secretory pathway are commonly glycosylated
in the endoplasmic reticulum. These adducts have many biological functions, including …

The eukaryotic heat shock response is an ancient and highly conserved transcriptional
program that results in the immediate synthesis of a battery of cytoprotective genes in the …

The concentration of Ca 2+ in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is critically important for
maintaining its oxidizing environment as well as for maintaining luminal ATP levels required …

BiP (immunoglobulin heavy-chain binding p rotein) is the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
orthologue of the Hsp70 family of molecular chaperones and is intricately involved in most …

Numerous nascent proteins undergo folding and maturation within the luminal and
membrane compartments of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Despite the presence of …

Background The quality of proteins destined for the secretory pathway is ensured by two
distinct mechanisms in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER): productive folding of newly …

The evolution of eukaryotes was accompanied by an increased need for intracellular
communication and cellular specialization. Thus, a more complex collection of secreted and …

Misfolded proteins compromise cellular homeostasis. This is especially problematic in the
endoplasmic reticulum (ER), which is a high-capacity protein-folding compartment and …