In chronic infections and cancer, T cells are exposed to persistent antigen and/or
inflammatory signals. This scenario is often associated with the deterioration of T cell …

A major obstacle in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) eradication is the ability of
the virus to remain latent in a subpopulation of the cells it infects. Latently infected cells can …

Elite controllers (ECs) represent a unique model of a functional cure for HIV-1 infection as
these individuals develop HIV-specific immunity able to persistently suppress viremia …

ObjectiveNew information warrants updated recommendations for the 4 central issues in
antiretroviral therapy: when to start, what drugs to start with, when to change, and what to …

Antiretroviral therapy, where available, has transformed HIV-1 disease into a treatable and
somewhat chronic infection. This article summarizes the accomplishments thus far and what …

Abstract HIV-1-and cytomegalovirus (CMV)-specific CD4 T-cell-mediated antiviral immunity
was evaluated by assessing the frequency of interleukin 2 (IL-2)-and interferon γ (IFN-γ) …

The heterogeneity of HIV and the different human leukocyte antigen (HLA) backgrounds of
infected individuals have posed challenges to understanding the pathogenesis of HIV …

ABSTRACT A rare subset of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals
maintains undetectable HIV RNA levels without therapy (“elite controllers”). To clarify the …

Background Structured treatment interruptions of highly-active antiretroviral therapy
(HAART) might be particularly relevant for sub-Saharan Africa, where cost-saving strategies …

Potent antiretroviral therapy (ART) suppresses HIV-1 viral replication and results in
decreased morbidity and mortality. However, prolonged treatment is associated with drug …