Autophagy is a core molecular pathway for the preservation of cellular and organismal
homeostasis. Pharmacological and genetic interventions impairing autophagy responses …

Macroautophagy/autophagy is a complex degradation process with a dual role in cell death
that is influenced by the cell types that are involved and the stressors they are exposed to …

As the essential regulators of organ fibrosis, macrophages undergo marked phenotypic and
functional changes after organ injury. These changes in macrophage phenotype and …

The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system plays crucial roles in cardiovascular physiology
and pathophysiology. However, many of the signaling mechanisms have been unclear. The …

Over the past decade, the Nomenclature Committee on Cell Death (NCCD) has formulated
guidelines for the definition and interpretation of cell death from morphological, biochemical …

Immunogenicity depends on two key factors: antigenicity and adjuvanticity. The presence of
exogenous or mutated antigens explains why infected cells and malignant cells can initiate …

Mammalian cells respond to stress by activating mechanisms that support cellular functions
and hence maintain microenvironmental and organismal homeostasis. Intracellular …

Autophagy is central to the maintenance of organismal homeostasis in both physiological
and pathological situations. Accordingly, alterations in autophagy have been linked to …

Autophagy contributes to the maintenance of intracellular homeostasis in most cells of
cardiovascular origin, including cardiomyocytes, endothelial cells, and arterial smooth …

Skeletal muscle possesses a remarkable ability to adapt to various physiologic conditions.
AMPK is a sensor of intracellular energy status that maintains energy stores by fine-tuning …