Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are a heterogeneous group of transcripts that, by definition, are
not translated into proteins. Since their discovery, ncRNAs have emerged as important …

There are notable sex-based differences in immune responses to pathogens and self-
antigens, with female individuals exhibiting increased susceptibility to various autoimmune …

Exosomes play a role as mediators of cell-to-cell communication, thus exhibiting pleiotropic
activities to homeostasis regulation. Exosomal non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), mainly …

X-chromosome inactivation (XCI) is the epigenetic mechanism that ensures X-linked dosage
compensation between cells of females (XX karyotype) and males (XY). XCI is essential for …

For decades, research into cancer biology focused on the involvement of protein-coding
genes. Only recently was it discovered that an entire class of molecules, termed non-coding …

Since the introduction of the central dogma of molecular biology in 1958, various RNA
species have been discovered. Messenger RNAs transmit genetic instructions from DNA to …

Over the last decade, it has been increasingly demonstrated that the genomes of many
species are pervasively transcribed, resulting in the production of numerous long noncoding …

Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) constitute the majority of the human transcribed genome. This
largest class of RNA transcripts plays diverse roles in a multitude of cellular processes, and …

High-throughput complementary DNA sequencing technologies have advanced our
understanding of transcriptome complexity and regulation. However, these methods lose …

Turner syndrome (TS) is a condition in females missing the second sex chromosome (45, X)
or parts thereof. It is considered a rare genetic condition and is associated with a wide range …