This article reviews some of the recent progress in the simulation of liquid crystals across a
range of length and time scales. Simulators now have an extensive range of models at their …

We report on a novel approach to the realization of nematic liquid-crystal (LC) phase
correctors to form spherical and cylindrical wave fronts. A LC cell with a distributed reactive …

We introduce a novel parallel-aligned liquid-crystal (LC) spatial light modulator (SLM) that
has been designed to operate in a phase-only mode for wave-front correction. We measured …

Used as a wavefront corrector, a liquid crystal spatial modulator (LC-SLM) has good
repeatability and linearity, which are essential for open-loop adaptive optics, and the open …

Liquid crystal on Silicon (LCOS) spatial phase modulators offer enhanced possibilities for
adaptive optics applications in terms of response velocity and fidelity. Unlike deformable …

We present here results using two novel adaptive optic elements, an electro-static
membrane mirror, and a dual frequency nematic liquid crystal. These devices have the …

This paper uses five spatially distributed reflective liquid-crystal phase modulators (LcPMs)
to accurately simulate deep-turbulence conditions in a scaled-laboratory environment. In …

We discuss the use of liquid-crystal phase modulators (LCPM's) both as a repeatable
disturbance test source and as an adaptive optics corrector. LCPM's have the potential to …

Multielement nematic liquid-crystal devices have been used by others and ourselves for
closed-loop adaptive control of optical wave-front distortions. Until recently the phase …

The use of liquid crystal devices for wavefront control has been suggested and implemented
by several authors. In this paper we report some preliminary results on the use of Nematic …