Flexible electronics is an emerging field of research involving multiple disciplines, which
include but not limited to physics, chemistry, materials science, electronic engineering, and …

Hydrogels are polymer networks infiltrated with water. Many biological hydrogels in animal
bodies such as muscles, heart valves, cartilages, and tendons possess extreme mechanical …

As polymer networks infiltrated with water, hydrogels constitute the major components of the
human body; and hydrogels have been widely used in applications that closely interact with …

Hydrogels are promising as materials for soft actuators because of qualities such as
softness, transparency, and responsiveness to stimuli. However, weak and slow actuations …

Noncovalent interactions, which usually feature tunable strength, reversibility, and
environmental adaptability, have been recognized as driving forces in a variety of biological …

Hydrogels are used as scaffolds for tissue engineering, vehicles for drug delivery, actuators
for optics and fluidics, and model extracellular matrices for biological studies. The scope of …

The widespread use of molecular machines in biology has long suggested that great
rewards could come from bridging the gap between synthetic molecular systems and the …

This review comprises a detailed survey of ongoing methodologies for soft actuators,
highlighting approaches suitable for nanometer‐to centimeter‐scale robotic applications …

With the rapidly growing attention to human-robot interfaces, soft robotics has attracted a
great deal of interest. Soft robots have diverse advantages, including compliancy and safety …

Responsive polymer materials can adapt to surrounding environments, regulate transport of
ions and molecules, change wettability and adhesion of different species on external stimuli …