The long history of life on Earth has unfolded as a cause-and-effect relationship with the
evolving amount of oxygen (O2) in the oceans and atmosphere. Oxygen deficiency …

Abstract The 'Cambrian Explosion'describes the rapid increase in animal diversity and
abundance, as manifest in the fossil record, between~ 540 and 520 million years ago (Ma) …

A geologically rapid Neoproterozoic oxygenation event is commonly linked to the
appearance of marine animal groups in the fossil record. However, there is still debate about …

The transition from dominant bacterial to eukaryotic marine primary productivity was one of
the most profound ecological revolutions in the Earth's history, reorganizing the distribution …

The rise of animals occurred during an interval of Earth history that witnessed dynamic
marine redox conditions, potentially rapid plate motions, and uniquely large perturbations to …

The drivers of Ediacaran-Cambrian metazoan radiations remain unclear, as does the fidelity
of the record. We use a global age framework [580–510 million years (Ma) ago] to estimate …

The integration of fossils, phylogeny, and geochronology has resulted in an increasingly
well-resolved timetable of evolution. Life appears to have taken root before the earliest …

Few topics in geobiology have been as extensively debated as the role of Earth's
oxygenation in controlling when and why animals emerged and diversified. All currently …