For over 35 years, the violation-of-expectation paradigm has been used to study the
development of expectations in the first 3 years of life. A wide range of expectations has …

According to Graham and colleagues (2013), a “first draft” of moral cognition emerges early
and universally in development and is then gradually revised by experience and culture. In …

Recent research suggests that the foundations of human moral cognition include abstract
principles of fairness and ingroup support. We examined which principle 1.5-y-old infants …

To successfully navigate their social world, humans need to understand and map enduring
relationships between people: Humans need a concept of social affiliation. Here I propose …

Adults and older children are more likely to punish a wrongdoer for a moral transgression
when the victim belongs to their group. Building on these results, in violation-of-expectation …

Recent research has provided converging evidence, using multiple tasks, of sensitivity to
fairness in the second year of life. In contrast, findings in the first year have been mixed …

How do infants reason about simple physical events such as containment, tube, and support
events? According to the two-system model, two cognitive systems, the object-file (OF) and …

Traditionally, research on early physical reasoning has focused on the simple types of
physical events our distant human ancestors routinely observed and produced as they …

Meta-analytic evidence indicates that the quality of the attachment relationship that infants
establish with their primary caregiver has enduring significance for socioemotional and …

Social relationships powerfully influence human emotions. Understanding how relationships
influence emotions enables people to make important social inferences, such as what will …