Technology advancements in education have fuelled worldwide digital technology agendas,
providing students with skills necessary for success in the twenty-first century, including …

This article explores effective mathematics teaching as constructed in Finnish and Swedish
teacher educators' discourses. Based on interview data from teacher educators as well as …

Finland has recently reformed the national school curriculum, basing it on so-called twenty-
first century skills. The curriculum prescribes that schools must organise at least one …

Finnish students' success on all three content domains of each of the four cycles of the
OECD's Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) has created much …

The aim of the study is to investigate and compare approaches to algebra in the Estonian,
Finnish, and Swedish national core curricula (Grades 1–9). Despite the similarities in the …

Previous research has shown that teachers are central actors in teaching, but the great
importance of the use of curriculum materials for teachers has also been highlighted …

In search of the reasons for Swedish students' low achievement in algebra in international
and national evaluations, we investigate how the development of algebraic thinking is …

More than 15 years after the introduction of a standards-based curriculum reform, the
mathematics teachers are positive towards the reform message but have not changed their …

This cross-national study examined students' evaluation of strategies for solving linear
equations, as well as the extent to which their evaluation criteria were related to their use of …

Theories for conceptualizing educational policies aimed at improving classroom instruction
at scale are under development in the educational sciences. In using such theories, it is …