Recent global temperature reconstructions for the current interglacial period (the Holocene,
beginning 11,700 years ago) have generated contrasting trends. This Review examines …

Numerous studies of changes in the climate, vegetation and landscape responses of the
Tibetan Plateau (TP) during the Holocene have been published in recent decades …

2 Chapter 2 assesses observed large-scale changes in climate system drivers, key climate
indicators and 3 principal modes of variability. Chapter 3 considers model performance and …

Climate changes across the past 24,000 years provide key insights into Earth system
responses to external forcing. Climate model simulations, and proxy data,,,,–have …

Improved knowledge of glacial-to-interglacial global temperature change yields Charney
(fast-feedback) equilibrium climate sensitivity 1.2±0.3° C (2σ) per W/m2, which is 4.8° C±1.2° …

Proxy reconstructions from marine sediment cores indicate peak temperatures in the first half
of the last and current interglacial periods (the thermal maxima of the Holocene epoch …

An extensive new multi-proxy database of paleo-temperature time series (Temperature 12k)
enables a more robust analysis of global mean surface temperature (GMST) and associated …

Fossil pollen records are well-established indicators of past vegetation changes. The
prevalence of pollen across environmental settings including lakes, wetlands, and marine …

BACKGROUND Although thermal expansion of seawater and melting of mountain glaciers
have dominated global mean sea level (GMSL) rise over the last century, mass loss from the …

Abstract Based on the Baltic Earth Assessment Reports of this thematic issue in Earth
System Dynamics and recent peer-reviewed literature, current knowledge of the effects of …