In recent years, our understanding of protein structure and function has advanced rapidly,
providing a mechanistic understanding of a wide variety of biological processes. As an …

The construction of complex protein folds relies on the precise conversion of a linear
polypeptide chain into a compact 3-dimensional structure. The interplay of forces that link …

Background Nonadditivity in fitness effects from two or more mutations, termed epistasis, can
result in compensation of deleterious mutations or negation of beneficial mutations. Recent …

Extracts of the resin of the guggul tree (Commiphora mukul) lower LDL (low-density
lipoprotein) cholesterol levels in humans. The plant sterol guggulsterone [4, 17 (20) …

The design and synthesis of protein-like polymers is a fundamental challenge in materials
science. A biomimetic approach is to explore the impact of monomer sequence on non …

The process by which a linear sequence of amino acids folds into a discrete and functional
three-dimensional protein is one on which life depends. Although the code that governs …

The de novo design of peptides and proteins has recently emerged as an approach for
investigating protein structure and function. Designed, helical peptides provide model …

The folding reactions of some small proteins show clear evidence of a hierarchic process,
whereas others, lacking detectable intermediates, do not. Nevertheless, we argue that both …

This paper surveys the emerging role of statistical mechanics and polymer theory in protein
folding. In the polymer perspective, the folding code is more a solvation code than a code of …

Electrostatics affect virtually all aspects of protein structure and activity and are particularly
important in proteins whose primary function is to stabilize charge. Here we introduce a …