Emotion plays a crucial role, both in general human experience and in psychiatric illnesses.
Despite the importance of emotion, the relative lack of objective methodologies to …

Neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) regulate the rewarding actions of
nicotine contained in tobacco that establish and maintain the smoking habit. nAChRs also …

The ability to directly measure acetylcholine (ACh) release is an essential step toward
understanding its physiological function. Here we optimized the GRABACh (GPCR …

The neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) regulates a diverse array of physiological
processes throughout the body. Despite its importance, cholinergic transmission in the …

Over the last decade, the understanding of the habenula has rapidly advanced from being
an understudied brain area with the Latin name 'habena” meaning “little rein”, to being …

The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) contains populations of GABAergic interneurons that
play different roles in cognition and emotion. Their local and long-range inputs are …

In mice and humans, sleep quantity is governed by genetic factors and exhibits age-
dependent variation,–. However, the core molecular pathways and effector mechanisms that …

The interactions between predator and prey represent some of the most dramatic events in
nature and constitute a matter of life and death for both sides. The hypothalamus has been …

The habenula complex is appreciated as a critical regulator of motivated and pathological
behavioral states via its output to midbrain nuclei. Despite this, transcriptional definition of …

Maternal immune activation (MIA) induced by lipopolysaccharides or polyinosinic:
polycytidylic acid injections can induce behavioral abnormalities in adult mouse offspring …