Abstract Changes in ocean heat content (OHC) provide a measure of ocean warming, with
impacts on the Earth system. This Review synthesizes estimates of past and future OHC …

Abstract The Antarctic Slope Current (ASC) is a coherent circulation feature that rings the
Antarctic continental shelf and regulates the flow of water toward the Antarctic coastline. The …

The abyssal ocean circulation is a key component of the global meridional overturning
circulation, cycling heat, carbon, oxygen and nutrients throughout the world ocean,. The …

Observed surface temperature trends over recent decades are characterized by (a)
intensified warming in the Indo‐Pacific Warm Pool and slight cooling in the eastern …

The ocean is a key component of the Earth system (Chapter 1) as it provides essential life
supporting services (Inniss et al. 2017). For example, it stores heat trapped in the …

This chapter assesses the state of physical, biological and social knowledge concerning the
Arctic and Antarctic ocean and cryosphere, how they are affected by climate change, and …

The magnitude of global warming is controlled by climate feedbacks associated with various
aspects of the climate system, such as clouds. The global climate feedback is the net effect …

After nearly three decades of observed increasing trends of Antarctic sea ice extent, in
September-October-November 2016, there was a dramatic decrease. Here we document …

The low Antarctic sea ice extent following its dramatic decline in late 2016 has persisted
over a multiyear period. However, it remains unclear to what extent this low sea ice extent …

The increased concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere from human activities
traps heat within the climate system and increases ocean heat content (OHC). Here, we …