Acidity, defined as pH, is a central component of aqueous chemistry. In the atmosphere, the
acidity of condensed phases (aerosol particles, cloud water, and fog droplets) governs the …

Aerosols of biological origin play a vital role in the Earth system, particularly in the
interactions between atmosphere, biosphere, climate, and public health. Airborne bacteria …

Forest-driven water and energy cycles are poorly integrated into regional, national,
continental and global decision-making on climate change adaptation, mitigation, land use …

New particle formation (NPF) represents the first step in the complex processes leading to
formation of cloud condensation nuclei. Newly formed nanoparticles affect human health, air …

Atmospheric aerosols are complex mixtures of different chemical species, and individual
particles exist in many different shapes and morphologies. Together, these characteristics …

Aerosol and aqueous particles are ubiquitous in Earth's atmosphere and play key roles in
geochemical processes such as natural chemical cycles, cloud and fog formation, air …

Secondary organic aerosols (SOA) are a large source of uncertainty in our current
understanding of climate change and air pollution. The phase state of SOA is important for …

Multiphase chemistry plays a vital role in the Earth system, climate, and health. Chemical
reactions, mass transport, and phase transitions between gases, liquids, and solids are …

Predicting the formation of ice in the atmosphere presents one of the great challenges in
physical sciences with important implications for the chemistry and composition of the …

Abstract Recently, PM 2.5 (atmospheric fine particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter≤
2.5 μm) have received so much attention that the observations, source appointment and …