Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) are a class of receptors that can directly recognize the
specific molecular structures on the surface of pathogens, apoptotic host cells, and damaged …

Immune memory is a defining feature of the acquired immune system, but activation of the
innate immune system can also result in enhanced responsiveness to subsequent triggers …

Over the past decade, compelling evidence has unveiled previously overlooked adaptive
characteristics of innate immune cells. Beyond their traditional role in providing short, non …

Interleukin (IL)-18 was originally discovered as a factor that enhanced IFN-γ production from
anti-CD3-stimulated Th1 cells, especially in the presence of IL-12. Upon stimulation with Ag …

Immunological memory is an important evolutionary trait that improves host survival upon
reinfection. Memory is a characteristic recognized within both the innate and adaptive arms …

The cytokine interleukin-22 (IL-22) is a critical regulator of epithelial homeostasis. It has
been implicated in multiple aspects of epithelial barrier function, including regulation of …

Rotavirus infections are a leading cause of severe, dehydrating gastroenteritis in children< 5
years of age. Despite the global introduction of vaccinations for rotavirus over a decade ago …

The intestinal microbiome is a signalling hub that integrates environmental inputs, such as
diet, with genetic and immune signals to affect the host's metabolism, immunity and …

BACKGROUND Host immune responses are classically divided into innate immune
responses, which react rapidly and nonspecifically upon encountering a pathogen, and …

Dietary supplementation with fermentable fiber suppresses adiposity and the associated
parameters of metabolic syndrome. Microbiota-generated fiber-derived short-chain fatty …