The biological olfactory system is the sensory system responsible for the detection of the
chemical composition of the environment. Several attempts to mimic biological olfactory …

Communication between individuals is critical for species survival, reproduction, and
expansion. Most terrestrial species, with the exception of humans who predominantly use …

Lungfishes belong to lobe-fined fish (Sarcopterygii) that, in the Devonian
period,'conquered'the land and ultimately gave rise to all land vertebrates, including …

Extant anuran amphibians originate from an evolutionary intersection eventually leading to
fully terrestrial tetrapods. In many ways, they have to deal with exposure to both terrestrial …

Marine amniotes, a polyphyletic group, provide an excellent opportunity for studying
convergent evolution. Their sense of smell tends to degenerate, but this process has not …

Teleost fish exhibit extraordinary cognitive skills that are comparable to those of mammals
and birds. Kin recognition based on olfactory and visual imprinting requires neuronal circuits …

The olfactory organ of tetrapods, with few exceptions, comprises the main and accessory
organs: olfactory epithelium (OE) and vomeronasal organ (VNO). Unlike tetrapods, teleost …

Cartilaginous fishes are renowned for a keen sense of smell, a reputation based on
behavioral observations and supported by the presence of large and morphologically …

The evolution of vertebrates from protochordate ancestors marked the beginning of the
gradual transition to predatory lifestyles. Enabled by the acquisition of multipotent neural …

Steroids play vital roles in animal physiology across species, and the production of specific
steroids is associated with particular internal biological functions. The internal functions of …