Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the most important crops in the world. Since the completion of
rice reference genome sequences, tremendous progress has been achieved in …

Diverse molecular processes regulate the interactions between plants and insect
herbivores. Here, we review genes and proteins that are involved in plant–herbivore …

Costs of defense are central to our understanding of interactions between organisms and
their environment, and defensive phenotypes of plants have long been considered to be …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play an integral role as signalling molecules in the
regulation of numerous biological processes such as growth, development, and responses …

Plants must effectively defend against biotic and abiotic stresses to survive in nature.
However, this defense is costly and is often accompanied by significant growth inhibition …

The brown planthopper (BPH) and white-backed planthopper (WBPH) are the most
destructive insect pests of rice, and they pose serious threats to rice production throughout …

Phytohormone, particularly jasmonate (JA) and salicylate (SA) signaling, plays a central role
in plant responses to herbivore and pathogen attack. Generally, SA mediates resistance …

Polyploidy is a prominent feature for genome evolution in many animals and all flowering
plants. Plant polyploids often show enhanced fitness in diverse and extreme environments …

Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2, 4‐D) was the first synthetic herbicide to be commercially
developed and has commonly been used as a broadleaf herbicide for over 60 years. It is a …

Phytohormones are natural chemical messengers that play critical roles in the regulation of
plant growth and development as well as responses to biotic and abiotic stress factors …