In plants, there is a complex and multilevel network of the antioxidative system (AOS)
operating to counteract harmful reactive species (RS), the foremost important of which are …

As sessile oxygenic organisms with a plastic developmental programme, plants are uniquely
positioned to exploit reactive oxygen species (ROS) as powerful signals. Plants harbor …

Glutathione is the principal intracellular antioxidant buffer against oxidative stress and
mainly exists in the forms of reduced glutathione (GSH) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) …

As a consequence of a sessile lifestyle, plants are continuously exposed to changing
environmental conditions and often life-threatening stresses caused by exposure to …

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the most important food crops, feeding half of the world's
population. However, rice production is affected by cadmium (Cd) toxicity. Due to an …

Autophagy is a process in which cellular components are delivered to lytic vacuoles to be
recycled and has been demonstrated to promote abiotic/biotic stress tolerance. Here, we …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are continually generated as a consequence of the normal
metabolism in aerobic organisms. Accumulation and release of ROS into cell take place in …

The discovery that there is a close relationship between ascorbate and glutathione dates
from soon after the characterization of the chemical formulae of the two molecules (Szent …

Plants cannot survive without glutathione (γ‐glutamylcysteinylglycine) or γ‐glutamylcysteine‐
containing homologues. The reasons why this small molecule is indispensable are not fully …

Since the industrial revolution, the production, and consequently the emission of metals, has
increased exponentially, overwhelming the natural cycles of metals in many ecosystems …