Abstract The interleukin (IL)-1 family member IL-1α is a ubiquitous and pivotal pro-
inflammatory cytokine. The IL-1α precursor is constitutively present in nearly all cell types in …

Diabetes is a systemic disease in which patients with diabetes may develop peripheral
neuropathy of the lower extremities and peripheral vascular disease due to long-term …

(1) Background: Acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the etiological
agent for the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) that has led to a pandemic that began in …

Age is a major risk factor for cancer, but how aging impacts tumor control remains unclear. In
this study, we establish that aging of the immune system, regardless of the age of the stroma …

Fibroblasts synthesize the extracellular matrix of connective tissue and play an essential role
in maintaining the structural integrity of most tissues. Researchers have long suspected that …

Interleukins, a group of cytokines participating in inflammation and immune response, are
proved to be involved in the formation and development of pulmonary fibrosis. In this article …

Delayed and often impaired wound healing in the elderly presents major medical and
socioeconomic challenges. A comprehensive understanding of the cellular/molecular …

Chemokines and cytokines are critical for initiating and coordinating the organized and
sequential recruitment and activation of cells into Mycobacterium tuberculosis-infected …

Mucosal surfaces are lined by epithelial cells, which provide a complex and adaptive
module that ensures first-line defense against external toxics, irritants, antigens, and …

The host inflammatory response against infections is characterized by the release of pro-
inflammatory cytokines and acute-phase proteins, driving both innate and adaptive arms of …